Sunday, December 29, 2019
Villains in Hollywood Films Essay - 2476 Words
Villains in Hollywood Films Alfred Hitchcock once said The better the villain, the better the film and this years Hollywood filmmakers have abided by this golden rule as there was no stopping this years summer blockbusters from having a whole horde of villainous characters spreading their wings onto the big screen, making the darker side more appealing for audiences. Everybody has gone villain this year, from Tom Cruise to Halle Berry, from the not- so-friendly extra terrestrials in Alien Vs Predator to Spidermans sworn enemy Dr Octopus, played by Alfred Molina. The origin of villains Villains have been around since evil has walked the earth. People have been creating villains everâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦One movie era portrayed villains from medieval times like the Vikings and evil knights. Villains on film have evolved devilishly throughout the ages from Nazis to mad scientists, psychopaths, gangsters, people with super human powers and spies. How Jaws devoured its way to being Hollywoods first summer blockbuster villain. Over the years the villain has had to move with the times, but there was one villain created that made history for he not only devoured his way, sweeping away other villains that were ruling over the box office, but paved the term summer movie blockbuster. That villain would be Jaws. Back in 1975 Jaws was a phenomenon upon release, but it was, first and foremost, an exemplary piece of suspenseful storytelling by a young talented Steven Spielberg, who would later become Hollywoods most commercial film director. Darth Vader in Star Wars, two years later, might have provided the evolutionary conclusion of the summer movie villain as a multimedia marketing event - complete with action figures in every toy shop - but it was Steven Spielbergs sea predator that proved to be a quantum leap, marketing wise. Even the movie poster was deadly scary to look at: the image of a female swimmer enjoying the sunny afternoon out at sea with the threatening primal beast in the background became immed iately a classic. So has John Williams musicalShow MoreRelated Arab and Muslims and Stereotypical labels in Movies1047 Words à |à 4 Pagesrace watch. Directors of movies have a big influence in the way they portray certain kind of people in films. It is obvious that these people have a motive in bringing down a certain race or religion from the many accounts we see. Arab and Muslims have been given stereotypical labels and have been looked upon as the monster for many years even before the September 11th attacks. Film after film you see many incidents were there is someone doing a terrorist act and people look at these and start toRead MoreEssay on How Asian Americans are Portrayed in Hollywood Movies1269 Words à |à 6 PagesAsian American actors and actresses are portrayed in Hollywood movies as always being the silent and yielding foreign victims to social injustice and prejudice. Whether or not these depictions are true, they are nonetheless stereotypes that Hollywood produc ers have come up with. According to the US Census in the year 2000, Asian Americans make up 4.2% of the entire American population, and knowing that most Asian Americans live on the west and east coast of the United States, many Americans livingRead MoreEssay on The Medias Distorted Image of the World882 Words à |à 4 Pagesmake people have negative assumptions about Middle East. Every so often, there are stereotypical judgments and comments in the media. Exaggerated Hollywood action movies, cartoons and opinionated news emphasize the negative side of Middle East, which indirectly compels audiences to believe that the combinations of images may even be true. In Hollywood movies, there are stereotypes of Middle Eastern people being killers and terrorists. These stereotypes are generalizations regarding an individualRead MoreMovie Analysis : Film, Japanese Clothing, And Japanese Apparel, A Traditional Form Of Japanese Footwear854 Words à |à 4 Pagesspecific cultural differences, each audience member has a distinct view of a film. Our topic quote means that we can interpret films in our individual perspectives, as well as how others may perceive us. This not only presents us with what each culture is viewed as, but also if a certain culture is viewed as a hero or a villain. Audience members can only recognize the characters through what is shown to them in the films. If a Japanese character continuously walks in scenes with geta sandals (a traditionalRead MoreThe Similarity of Bollywood Films to High Concept American Films1097 Words à |à 5 PagesSimilarity of Bollywood Films to High Concept American Films The term ââ¬Å"high conceptâ⬠is used to describe a script or film that a person can easily understand after hearing just a few words, it also means a film which is high budget and attracts a mass audience. To be high concept the film needs to appeal to young and old audiences to do this it needs to include aspects such as ââ¬Å"fearâ⬠, ââ¬Å"lonelinessâ⬠, â⬠familyâ⬠and ââ¬Å"lost love.â⬠Bollywood films appeal to most of the AsianRead MoreEssay about Production Report on Thriller Film1549 Words à |à 7 Pages Production Report on Thriller Film For my production unit, I chose Brief 1: Thriller Film. This is due to my interest in them and the confidence I have in producing my own, which I found from GCSE television advertising work and in my ability to deconstruct existing films. In order to fulfil my brief successfully, I had to perform several areas of research, which will make the product look like products in real life and show that I know and can use the appropriateRead MoreHomosexual Roles And Its Effect On Society1597 Words à |à 7 Pagesacceptance and predominantly, normality. However, these views are rarely being reflected in modern or mainstream cinema. These films habitually present themselves with a lack of diverse stories or representation, with many of them sinking into the similar tropes and conventions, leading them to be heavily criticised by individuals who identify as homosexual. By exploring films throughout history that include homosexual characters in various ways, an understanding can be made on how homosexual rolesRead MoreHomosexuality in Film940 Words à |à 4 PagesHomosexuality in Film When sultry, womanly JoAnn steps into the five and dime, rarely would a viewer automatically leap to the conclusion that twenty years prior, that gorgeous she had been a he. Ed Graczyk and Robert Altman pushed the envelope when they so blatantly portrayed homosexuality and trans-genderedness in a movie in 1982. They were not, however the first to choose to display homosexuality in movies. In fact, homosexuality, or the idea of it, has been with [the viewer] since moviesRead MoreThinking for Ourselves: A Look at Godardââ¬â¢s Breathless 1694 Words à |à 7 PagesThe film genre of French New Wave brought many new ideas to the table, and challenged the techniques of classic Hollywood cinema, not just recreating something that has been done, but doing something new with it. Breathless (1960) is in many ways the antithesis of classical Hollywood cinema; the changes have a direct effect on the relationship the film has with the viewer. Classical Hollywood cinema includes standards s uch as continuity editing, highly motivated, character-driven stories and a coherentRead MoreRepresentation Of Women By Bryan Singers1509 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Representation of Women in Bryan Singers X-Men Draft Two Bryan Singers ââ¬Å"X-Menâ⬠(2000) was the first Hollywood superhero blockbuster made from a Marvel comic book. The film is rated 7.4 out of ten on the International Movie Database (IMDb), and has a 82% score by critics and a 83% score by audiences on Rotten Tomatoes. The movie is based off the Marvel comic book by the same name and features a team of people with special powers fight to save the world. the first X-Men comic was published in
Friday, December 20, 2019
Loss of Faith in Elie Wiesels Night Essay - 796 Words
Loss of Faith in Elie Wiesels Night Night is a dramatic book that tells the horror and evil of the concentration camps that many were imprisoned in during World War II. Throughout the book the author Elie Wiesel, as well as many prisoners, lost their faith in God. There are many examples in the beginning of Night where people are trying to keep and strengthen their faith but there are many more examples of people rebelling against God and forgetting their religion. The first example of Elie loosing his faith is when he arrived at Auschwitz. Elie and his father are directed to go to the left. A prisoner then informs them that they are on their way to the crematory. Elies father recites the Kaddish or prayer for the dead.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The pipel and the two other men were hung. The two adults died instantly but the pipel was too light and stayed alive for a half an hour. He was still alive when I passed in front of him. His tongue was still red, his eyes were not yet glazed. Behind me I heard the same man ask where is God now? And I heard a voice within me answer him: Where is He? Here He is-He is hanging here on this gallows? (Wiesel 62) Another time Elie questions God and his faith is around Rosh Hashana, the new year. All the Jews gathered together to say prayers to God. He questions God for allowing all these terrible things to happen to them when they live their lives for Him. What are You, my God, I thought angrily, compared to this afflicted crowd, proclaiming to you their faith, their anger, their revolt? What does Your greatness mean, Lord of the universe, in the face of all this weakness, this decomposition, and this decay? Why do You still trouble their sick minds, their crippled bodies Why, but why should I bless Him? In every fiber I rebelled. Because He had had thousands of children burned in His pits? Because He kept six crematories working night and day, on Sundays and feast days? Because in His great might He had created Auschwitz, Birkenau, Buna and so many factories of death? How could I say to him Blessed art Thou, Eternal, Master of the Universe, Who chose us among the races to be tortured day and night, to see our fathers, our mothers, ourShow MoreRelatedEssay on Loss of Religion in Night, by Elie Wiesel1460 Words à |à 6 Pagesis: ââ¬Å"Possessing beliefs concerning the nature and purpose of the universe and the supernaturalâ⬠(A studentââ¬â¢s Dictionary 268). Different cultures have different definitions for the word religion. However, they all have one characteristic in common, faith. The Jewish, for instance, believe in God and that the Messiah will come in the future to bring them once again to the land of Israel. They continue to wait for Him to come. Over time, the Jews were shunned by many people. Hitler pushed all the blameRead MoreNight by Elie Wiesel646 Words à |à 3 PagesTen years after WWII, Elie Wieselââ¬â¢s novel Night was published in 1955. Night describes ââ¬Å"his memories of life inside four different Nazi death camps,â⬠as he was one of the few Jews to survive the Holocaust during WWII (Sanderson). Wieselââ¬â¢s autobiographical novel makes him ââ¬Å"the best-known contemporary Holocaust writer and novelist,â⬠and reveals the impact of the concentration camps on humanity and for the individual (Sibelman).As a negative Bildungsroman, Night depicts ââ¬Å"a coming of a ge story in whichRead MoreThe Death Of The Jews1279 Words à |à 6 Pagesdeath of the Jews was a massive loss, a tragic lossââ¬âuntil this day, it is. In the novel Night, Elie Wiesel, describes his experience as a Jewish prisoner in Auschwitz concentration camp, a heart breaking, as well as a tragic experience. In this response paper, readers will get the opportunity to learn about how the novel, Night, depicts the best image of war through Wieselââ¬â¢s use of descriptive writing to describe his tragic experience, specifically how he lost faith in God while living at AuschwitzRead MoreNight Essay: Examples of Night998 Words à |à 4 Pageshad no other name.â⬠(42) Elie Wieselââ¬â¢s Night is about a young Jewish boy and his experiences through the Holocaust in the 1940ââ¬â¢s. Any human being should never experience the hell-like terror that Elie had to go through. He is separated from his mother and his sister and is deported to Auschwitz, one of Hitlerââ¬â¢s m ost depressing concentration camps. Wiesel uses night not only as the title but also as a symbol of time, a world without God, and manââ¬â¢s inhumanity to man. Night is defined as a time ofRead MoreNight and Dawn - A Comparison of Elie Wisels writings1547 Words à |à 7 PagesNight and Dawn Night and Dawn, both written by Elie Wiesel, are two books that have changed the way people view life and death. Night is a story of the Holocaust that occurs in the time frame of the mid-1900s. Elie, the author and the main character of Night, tells of the horrific years he spent in Germanys concentration camps. During this time period, millions of Jewish people were shot by merciless Nazis. Dawn focuses on a young boy Elisha who is recruited into a terrorist organization afterRead MoreElie Wiesel Night Reflection1035 Words à |à 5 Pagesis known for its vast dehumanization; nevertheless, history does not acknowledge the faith destroyed as a result. Elie Wiesel, a Nobel Peace Prize winner and author of the memoir Night, recounts his experiences telling his own story of faith being taken away from him. Wiesel, like many other Jews of this time, was taken from his home to Nazi-controlled concentration camps. Before his deportation, Wieselââ¬â¢s faith used to be an eminent aspect of his life, describing himself as a child of the Talmud;Read MoreThe Holocaust: Night by Elie Wiesel1635 Words à |à 7 PagesJews were persecuted, tortured and slaughtered in concentration camps (ââ¬Å"The Holocaustâ⬠1). Night by Elie Wiesel is the powerful memoir of his experiences during the Holocaust. Night shows the tragedy of the Holocaust through the use literary devices, including the themes of loss of faith and cruelty toward other human beings, night as a symbol of suffering and fear, and the use of first person narrative. Night allows the reader to emotionally connect with the victims of the Holocaust, encourages themRead MoreThe Inhumane Treatment Of The Holocaust1714 Words à |à 7 Pagesthrough. In the novel ââ¬Å"Nightâ⬠by Elie Wiesel, Wiesel recounts the spine-chillingly horrific events of the Holocaust that affected him first-hand, in an attempt to make the reality of the Holocaust clear and understandable to those who could not believe it. What was arguably one of the worst punishments the victims of the Holocaust faced, was how they were dehumanized within concentration camps. To dehumanize means to steal away the attributes that make one human, be it loyalty, faith, kindness, or evenRead MoreAnalysis of Night874 Words à |à 4 PagesPeriod 1 ââ¬Å"Faith is Lost in the Nightâ⬠The horrible accounts of the holocaust are vividly captured by Elie Wiesel in Night, an award winning work by a Holocaust survivor. It describes his time in the Holocaust and helps the reader fully understand the pain he went through. In the text, Elie continuously mentions how he is losing his faith to god. It is evident that he has nearly, if not completely lost his faith during the events of the holocaust. In the memoir, Night, Elie Wieselââ¬â¢s faith changesRead MoreElie Wiesel : A Devout Follower Of The Jewish Faith1251 Words à |à 6 PagesElie Wiesel was a devout follower of the Jewish faith. At a young age, he developed a strong desire to grow in his faith by studying and following Jewish principles. Under the instruction of his mentor, Moishe the Beadle, Elie studied the Torah and the Cabbala. He described his first account of Jewish oppression when Moishe was deported for months and returned to Sighet to inform the remaining Jews of the deporteesââ¬â¢ fate and to warn them of what was to come. He spoke of Jews being brutally abused
Thursday, December 12, 2019
Business Research for Electronic Mails- MyAssignmenthelp.com
Question: Discuss about theBusiness Researchfor Electronic Mails or Shopping. Answer: Literature Review Scope In present scenario, surfing on internet is one of the most vital parts of the individuals lives whether being used for education, electronic mails or shopping. The use of internet and social network is regarded as a stunning progress in the fields of technology as they are highly advantageous for the entrepreneurs as well as for the businesses for expanding their businesses across the world (Celine, 2012). In the present business world, the maximum of the businesses take sue of the various social networking sites and social media for enhancing their social networks which in turn results in enhancement of the customers and associations with the customers. It has transformed the way; the small enterprises use to perform businesses. In the past decade, there has been a vast amount of literature presented by numerous researchers on the subject of social networking and its use in the businesses. Literature Review Objectives The objective of this paper is to understand the impact of the social networks on the small businesses and the way in which these social networks, social media applications and other social platforms help the small business organisations in expanding their business operations by the means of social networks. The objective is also to understand that the social networks offer an innovative way to the businesses which helps in developing effective communication with the customers. The next objective of this literature is to present the views of several authors discussing about the advantages and disadvantages of using social networks in the small businesses. Literature Review Comparative Analysis The researchers explain several advantages of using social networks in small businesses. The most biggest and primary advantage is the reach to large number of audience.Usually the small businesses do not have high capital investment which restricts them to have access to extended customer base (Celine, 2012). This restricts their growth and market capturing because of less customers. But with social networking and various social media techniques, the small businesses can sell their products across the globe with little capital investment. Due to internet and social networks, it becomes very easy to target the potential customers of the overseas regions. Thus, this helps the small business to grow worldwide and attain extended customer base (Park, Kee and Valenzuela, 2009). The second advantage or opportunity emphasized by the researcher is the flexible entry. Due to less recognized brand name and squat capital, there are several trade barriers which restrict these small entities to perform globally or to have their operation in some specific regions. But the social, networking has eradicated this rigidity and have given an opportunity to these small businesses to enter and create their business platforms (Michaelidou, Siamagka and Christodoulides, 2011). There are no trade barriers and entry restrictions in the online market as well as the large platforms even do not charge any kind of fees from these businesses to perform their business operations. This offers advantages to small business to develop their business and serve globally. The next advantage of social networking is that it helps in increasing the brand loyalty. In small businesses, which are developing by the means of social networking possess an advantage of having increase number of follo wers globally (Kirti? and Karahan, 2011). The customers who follow the brand through social networking are much likely to have reliability towards that brand that helps the small business to develop their brand and gain strong brand recognition. In the physical markets, it is not easy to get the insights of the competitors strategies or moves (Parveen, 2012). But in the online business that is through social networks, it is easy for the small business to have an eye upon the moves, strategies and approaches on the competitors. This is an advantage of social network for the small businesses that there can be fetched information about the competitors as well as their customers. Thus, it helps the businesses to plan strategic moves to gain competitive advantages (Valente, 2010). Few authors have focused on one of the key benefits of social networks i.e. building relationships. When the business is small and new, it requires high support of the social connection for developing and growing it. In a similar way, the small businesses are also gained by the social networks as it helps them in building string relationship with the customers. The social network offers a two way communication channel to the businesses where they can have high involvement of the customers and can develop association with them (Cheung, Chiu and Lee, 2011). These building of relationship help the organizations in achieving trustworthy and reliable customers. These customers usually do not switch to other brands and continued buying from that brand only with which they have more strong association. The next technological and diverse benefit for the small businesses of social networks is that it offers higher conversion rates to the businesses. The conversion rates can be explained as th e more opportunities for a business to get diversify its business operations and activities (Leonardi, Huysman and Steinfield, 2013). Arguing to the view of the above authors, there are also several researchers who have shown a negative side of the social networking usage in small businesses. The author has pointed that there are numerous disadvantages which are associated with the use of social networking such as the negative feedback of the customers. Maintaining the brand image is very much essential for the new and small businesses for attaining long-term sustainability and increased customer base (Sashi, 2012). There are number of customers who post negative comments on the sites and various other social media platforms which deteriorate and ruin the brand image of a company (Shabbir, Ghazi and Mehmood, 2016). the other potential customers get affected by such reviews and comments and restrict them from purchasing products from that brand. Thus, there is a great threat of negative remarks and comments of the customers. There are several other disadvantages of social network in the business organisation which h ave been highlighted by several authors. The second disadvantage is that it is highly time intensive (Gronum, Verreynne and Kastelle, 2012). Opposing to the viewpoints of the authors that there is not much requirement of the capital, some authors argued that instead of capital investment there is required high amount of time for managing the business activities with the presence of social networks. The entrepreneurs required extensive efforts and timed to develop the social presence of the business. The small businesses works with limited resources and also have small, teams, it becomes difficult for these small business to devote the require amount of time and resources to have effective social media presence. And thus, the scarcity of time restricts the development and growth of the small businesses. The next challenge or issue in the usage of social networking in the small businesses is that, there is required in-depot knowledge and analysis by the entrepreneurs before taking use of the social networking (Vsquez and Escamilla, 2014). The biggest challenge is the selection of an appropriate network. In present scenario, there is enormous number of social networks but which is the most useful and appropriate for the business activities of any small business must be evaluate first. If an organization selects a wrong social network then it not only have restricted reach to potential customers as well as also waste the resource and time of the origination and decreases the opportunity of the business to grow at another social network because of past outcomes. Thus, it is essential to have appropriate understanding of the networks, their usage and then the business must have the involvement of social networks in their respective business operations (Hensel and Deis, 2010). Different Theme Development Social network has been explained differently by various authors but the exact meaning can be explained as it characterizes the interpersonal associations among the organisations, business units and individuals (Kadushin, 2012). Such connections are not impacted hierarchically comprises of the knowledge and the information flows. There are two primary objectives of networking, the first is first objective is to transfer the information and the second objective is to facilitate it. Most of the marketing functions now comprises of the social networks. There is an extensive need that the marketing managers must understand the advantages and disadvantages of taking sue of social networks in the business for having sustainable growth of the organisation in the long-run (Parveen, 2012). Social networking can be further explained as an online application by which there takes place interaction of the businesses with its potential customers. It comprises of generating, sharing and developingb usiness contents. In comparison with the traditional media which was only helpful in delivering the content whereas the modern i.e. social media helps in the promotions of the business operations as well as also promotes the participation of the customers. The authors have focused on extensive range of social media which ranges from the private social networks such as jive, yammer, and social cast to social networks such as LinkedIn, Facebook etc. There are also content social networks such wikis, flicker and YouTube (Ellison, Steinfield and Lampe, 2007). Since the year 1997, there was a marked the beginning of social networks with posting and blogging features with the help of web. With time, there was launched enormous number of social networking sites that facilitates the interaction of the individuals such as Orkut, Skype, Facebook, LinkedIn, etc. The author states that the decision of taking use of social networks in the small businesses shows a social phenomenon which is primarily depends upon the various social interactions (Greve and Salaaf, 2003). (Source: Shabbir, Ghazi and Mehmood, 2016) This is the theoretical framework of social networking which shows that thereat re several social network sites and social media which have their significant and diverse set of impact and pros and cons on the small business. The entrepreneurs select the best suitable social network as per the specific requirements of the business and growth strategies (Shabbir, Ghazi and Mehmood, 2016). Quality and Currency of the Literature Source The maximum of the sources are the peer reviewed Journal articles which have been taken used from Goggle Scholar. The sources are authentic and are very well linked to the study topic. The most of the sources are of the years after 2010 which shows that there is current and up to date information and discussion is presented. The papers are of high quality which discusses, argues and analysis the various aspects of social networking, social media, small businesses and their integration in the present time. Research Gap and Contribution There is a research gap that no adequate forecasting and evaluation is there of the outcomes of using social networking in small businesses. The researchers have explained the advantages and disadvantages but in rail-time it is difficult to analyze the outcomes of social networking. The contribution of this research is that there has been understood that there are several means by which the businesses can promote their business via social networking, which comprises of comments, videos, images, blog posts, content, etc. All these things help in offering diverse factors to the businesses foe developing their operations. The another benefit related to the higher conversion rate is that the social networks and the involvement of social media in the business offers high flexibility to modify the businesses activities means that there is an opportunity with the small businesses to diversify their product portfolio and offers a wide range of products to the customers (Edosomwan, et al., 2011). They can easily add-on or subtract the sales of those products which are highly demanded in the market or which are out of the trend. Thus, the conversion does not demand for high capital requirement neither much efforts. There is another benefit associated with increase convers ion rates. As with time, when the companies started diversifying their businesses, they used to get increase customer base from various segments. This helps in getting extended reach to the customers (Molina?Morales and Martnez?Fernndez, 2010). Conclusion The social networks are the pioneering gateways for the small businesses to grow and profit in the business industry. The small businesses are very much keen to take use of the social networks for the rapid development of their business as well as for having enhanced customer base. The social networking has become a common aspect of the lives of the individuals. From the literature gathered and analyzed, it has been concluded that there are extensive number of benefits and opportunities associated with the social networking in small business but there are also some challenges and disadvantages which are required to have consideration of the entrepreneurs to have a successful way ahead. The use of social networking is one of the most effective tools for the small businesses to grow and develop with a rapid rate. Along with high publicity and advertising, the social networks offers other several benefits to these small business in terms of brand royalty, high customer base, opportunity for diversity, global reach, etc. Based upon the literature, it has been stated that the entrepreneurs must be attentive e enough at the time of selection of social networking approach so that they can again maximum advantages from their integration of business activities with social networking. References Shabbir, M.S., Ghazi, M.S. and Mehmood, A.R., 2016. Impact of Social Media Applications on Small Business Entrepreneurs.Management and Economics Research Journal,2(2016). Accessed on: 7th May, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.omicsonline.com/open-access/impact-of-social-media-applications-on-small-business-entrepreneurs-2223-5833-1000203.php?aid=71295 Celine, A.R.C.A., 2012. Social Media Marketing benefits for businesses.Master of International Marketing. Ellison, N.B., Steinfield, C. and Lampe, C., 2007. The benefits of Facebook friends: Social capital and college students use of online social network sites.Journal of Computer?Mediated Communication,12(4), pp.1143-1168. Park, N., Kee, K.F. and Valenzuela, S., 2009. Being immersed in social networking environment: Facebook groups, uses and gratifications, and social outcomes.CyberPsychology Behavior,12(6), pp.729-733. Greve, A. and Salaff, J.W., 2003. Social networks and entrepreneurship.Entrepreneurship theory and practice,28(1), pp.1-22. Hensel, K. and Deis, M.H., 2010. Using social media to increase advertising and improve marketing.The Entrepreneurial Executive,15, p.87. Vsquez, G.A.N. and Escamilla, E.M., 2014. Best practice in the use of social networks marketing strategy as in SMEs.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,148, pp.533-542. Gronum, S., Verreynne, M.L. and Kastelle, T., 2012. The role of networks in small and medium?sized enterprise innovation and firm performance.Journal of Small Business Management,50(2), pp.257-282. Sashi, C.M., 2012. Customer engagement, buyer-seller relationships, and social media.Management decision,50(2), pp.253-272. Michaelidou, N., Siamagka, N.T. and Christodoulides, G., 2011. Usage, barriers and measurement of social media marketing: An exploratory investigation of small and medium B2B brands.Industrial marketing management,40(7), pp.1153-1159. Kirti?, A.K. and Karahan, F., 2011. To be or not to be in social media arena as the most cost-efficient marketing strategy after the global recession.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,24, pp.260-268. Leonardi, P.M., Huysman, M. and Steinfield, C., 2013. Enterprise social media: Definition, history, and prospects for the study of social technologies in organizations.Journal of Computer?Mediated Communication,19(1), pp.1-19. Kadushin, C., 2012.Understanding social networks: Theories, concepts, and findings. OUP USA. Molina?Morales, F.X. and Martnez?Fernndez, M.T., 2010. Social networks: effects of social capital on firm innovation.Journal of Small Business Management,48(2), pp.258-279. Edosomwan, S., Prakasan, S.K., Kouame, D., Watson, J. and Seymour, T., 2011. The history of social media and its impact on business.Journal of Applied Management and entrepreneurship,16(3), p.79. Valente, T.W., 2010.Social networks and health: Models, methods, and applications. Oxford University Press. Cheung, C.M., Chiu, P.Y. and Lee, M.K., 2011. Online social networks: Why do students use facebook?.Computers in Human Behavior,27(4), pp.1337-1343. Parveen, F., 2012, July. Impact Of Social Media Usage On Organizations. InPACIS(p. 192).
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